Miele (1993) found that 'the 'placebo effect,' which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner' (p. 276), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied. disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner' (Miele, 1993, p.

Provide the author, publication year and a page number. Quotations of less than 40 words should be incorporated in the text and enclosed with double quotation marks.The reader can then follow up on the complete reference in the Reference List page at the end of your paper. If it will not cause confusion for the reader, names may be abbreviated thereafter:įirst citation: (National Institute of Mental Health, 1999)ĭirect quotations allow you to acknowledge a source within your text by providing a reference to exactly where in that source you found the information. The names of groups that serve as authors (e.g., corporations, associations, government agencies, and study groups) are usually spelled out each time they appear in a text citation.If there are three or more authors, include the last name of only the first author followed by 'et al.':.as has been shown (James & Ryerson, 1999). as James and Ryerson (1999) demonstrated. If there are two authors, include the last name of each and the publication year:.

Within a paragraph, you need not include the year in subsequent references.

In most cases, providing the author's last name and the publication year are sufficient:.

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